diff --git a/config/default_config.yaml b/config/default_config.yaml
index c9f4307..b61477e 100644
--- a/config/default_config.yaml
+++ b/config/default_config.yaml
@@ -19,7 +19,12 @@ bootloader_bit_path: ""
 bootloader_elf_path: ""
 
 # Flash programming (Step 2: Program & Verify Flash)
+# bootloader_bin_path is the bootloader image to program into QSPI flash
+# fsbl_elf_path is the FSBL (First Stage Boot Loader) required by program_flash
+# flash_type sets the QSPI interface mode (qspi-x4-single, qspi-x8-dual_parallel, etc.)
 bootloader_bin_path: ""
+fsbl_elf_path: ""
+flash_type: "qspi-x4-single"
 
 # Firmware upload (Step 4: Load Main Program via TFTP)
 firmware_bin_path: ""
diff --git a/src/bitstream_programmer.py b/src/bitstream_programmer.py
index 02b51e0..7390c05 100644
--- a/src/bitstream_programmer.py
+++ b/src/bitstream_programmer.py
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 """Bitstream programming module for Zynq Flasher GUI.
 
-Handles programming the Zynq device with a .bit bitstream file
-and running an .elf executable afterward.
+Downloads a .bit bitstream to the Zynq PL fabric and runs a .elf
+executable on the PS ARM core.
+
+Uses xsct (Xilinx Software Command Line Tool) as the primary tool
+for JTAG operations, with Vivado batch mode as a fallback.
+Compatible with Xilinx 2018.3 — 2023.2.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
-import platform
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 from dataclasses import dataclass
@@ -15,11 +18,14 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Callable
 
 from config_manager import Config
+from vitis_checker import get_xsct_path
+
+# ── Types ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 
 @dataclass
 class BitstreamResult:
-    """Result of a bitstream programming operation."""
+    """Result of a bitstream programming or ELF execution operation."""
 
     step: str
     success: bool
@@ -29,93 +35,95 @@ class BitstreamResult:
 
 ProgressCallback = Callable[[str, str], None] | None
 
-
-def _get_impact_path(vitis_path: str) -> str | None:
-    """Find the impact executable path.
-
-    Tries 'impact' first, then falls back to 'xsct' (Xilinx 2023.2+).
-    Uses shutil.which() for cross-platform compatibility,
-    then falls back to common Vitis paths.
-
-    Args:
-        vitis_path: Vitis installation path.
-
-    Returns:
-        Path to impact or xsct executable, or None if not found.
-    """
-    # Try shutil.which for impact, then xsct as fallback
-    for tool in ("impact", "xsct"):
-        path = shutil.which(tool)
-        if path:
-            return path
-    if vitis_path:
-        bin_dir = Path(vitis_path) / "bin"
-        if bin_dir.exists():
-            for tool in ("impact", "xsct"):
-                for ext in ("", ".exe"):
-                    candidate = bin_dir / f"{tool}{ext}"
-                    if candidate.exists():
-                        return str(candidate)
-    common_paths = [
-        "/opt/xilinx/bin/impact",
-        os.path.expanduser("~/Xilinx/Vitis/bin/impact"),
-    ]
-    for p in common_paths:
-        if os.path.isfile(p):
-            return p
-    return None
+# ── Helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 
 def _get_vivado_path(vitis_path: str) -> str | None:
-    """Find the Vivado executable path.
+    """Find the Vivado executable.
 
-    Uses shutil.which() for cross-platform compatibility,
-    then falls back to common Vitis paths.
+    Uses shutil.which() for PATH resolution, then common install paths.
 
     Args:
-        vitis_path: Vitis installation path.
+        vitis_path: Optional Vitis installation directory.
 
     Returns:
-        Path to Vivado executable, or None if not found.
+        Path to vivado executable, or None.
     """
-    path = shutil.which("vivado")
-    if path:
-        return path
+    found = shutil.which("vivado")
+    if found:
+        return found
     if vitis_path:
         candidate = Path(vitis_path) / "bin" / "vivado"
-        if candidate.exists():
+        if candidate.is_file():
             return str(candidate)
-        candidate = Path(vitis_path) / "bin" / "vivado.exe"
-        if candidate.exists():
-            return str(candidate)
-    common_paths = [
+    common = [
+        "/data/xilinx/Vivado/2023.2/bin/vivado",
         "/opt/xilinx/bin/vivado",
-        os.path.expanduser("~/Xilinx/Vivado/bin/vivado"),
+        os.path.expanduser("~/Xilinx/Vivado/2023.2/bin/vivado"),
     ]
-    for p in common_paths:
+    for p in common:
         if os.path.isfile(p):
             return p
     return None
 
 
+def _run_command(
+    cmd: list[str],
+    timeout: int = 120,
+    callback: ProgressCallback = None,
+) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]:
+    """Run a subprocess command with progress reporting.
+
+    Args:
+        cmd: Command and arguments.
+        timeout: Maximum seconds.
+        callback: Optional callback(status, message).
+
+    Returns:
+        CompletedProcess result.
+
+    Raises:
+        subprocess.TimeoutExpired: If command exceeds timeout.
+    """
+    if callback:
+        callback("running", f"Executing: {' '.join(cmd)}")
+
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        cmd,
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        timeout=timeout,
+    )
+    if callback:
+        if result.returncode == 0:
+            callback("complete", f"{cmd[0]} succeeded")
+        else:
+            callback("error", f"{cmd[0]} failed (exit {result.returncode})")
+    return result
+
+
+# ── Bitstream Download ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
 def program_bitstream(
     config: Config,
     bit_path: str | Path,
     callback: ProgressCallback = None,
 ) -> BitstreamResult:
-    """Program the Zynq device with a .bit bitstream file.
+    """Download a .bit bitstream to the Zynq PL (FPGA fabric).
 
-    Uses Vivado/impact to download the bitstream to the FPGA fabric.
+    Attempts xsct first (fast, lightweight), then falls back to Vivado
+    batch mode.
 
     Args:
         config: Application configuration.
-        bit_path: Path to the .bit bitstream file.
+        bit_path: Path to the .bit file.
         callback: Optional progress callback.
 
     Returns:
         BitstreamResult with status.
     """
-    bit_path = Path(bit_path).resolve()
+    bit_path = Path(bit_path)
     if not bit_path.exists():
         return BitstreamResult(
             step="bitstream",
@@ -126,30 +134,79 @@ def program_bitstream(
     if callback:
         callback("start", f"Loading bitstream: {bit_path.name}...")
 
-    vivado = _get_vivado_path(config.vitis_path)
-    impact = _get_impact_path(config.vitis_path)
+    # Try xsct first (preferred)
+    xsct = get_xsct_path(config.vitis_path)
+    if xsct:
+        return _program_with_xsct(xsct, bit_path, callback)
 
-    # Try Vivado first (preferred for Zynq)
+    # Fallback to Vivado
+    vivado = _get_vivado_path(config.vitis_path)
     if vivado:
         return _program_with_vivado(vivado, bit_path, callback)
 
-    # Fallback to impact
-    if impact:
-        return _program_with_impact(impact, bit_path, callback)
-
     return BitstreamResult(
         step="bitstream",
         success=False,
-        message="Neither vivado nor impact found",
+        message="Neither xsct nor vivado found in PATH",
     )
 
 
+def _program_with_xsct(
+    xsct_path: str,
+    bit_path: Path,
+    callback: ProgressCallback = None,
+) -> BitstreamResult:
+    """Program bitstream using xsct's fpga command.
+
+    xsct connects to hw_server and uses the `fpga` command to download
+    the bitstream to the PL fabric.
+
+    Args:
+        xsct_path: Path to xsct executable.
+        bit_path: Path to .bit file.
+        callback: Optional progress callback.
+
+    Returns:
+        BitstreamResult with status.
+    """
+    if callback:
+        callback("progress", "Using xsct to download bitstream...")
+
+    # xsct TCL script: connect to hw_server, target FPGA, download bitstream
+    tcl_script = f"""
+connect
+targets
+fpga -file "{bit_path}"
+quit
+"""
+    try:
+        result = _run_command(
+            [xsct_path, "-eval", tcl_script],
+            timeout=120,
+            callback=callback,
+        )
+        success = result.returncode == 0
+        output = (result.stdout + result.stderr).strip()
+        return BitstreamResult(
+            step="bitstream",
+            success=success,
+            message="Bitstream loaded successfully" if success else "Bitstream load failed",
+            output=output[:4000],
+        )
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+        return BitstreamResult(
+            step="bitstream",
+            success=False,
+            message="xsct bitstream download timed out",
+        )
+
+
 def _program_with_vivado(
     vivado_path: str,
     bit_path: Path,
     callback: ProgressCallback = None,
 ) -> BitstreamResult:
-    """Program bitstream using Vivado hardware manager.
+    """Program bitstream using Vivado Hardware Manager.
 
     Args:
         vivado_path: Path to vivado executable.
@@ -160,16 +217,14 @@ def _program_with_vivado(
         BitstreamResult with status.
     """
     if callback:
-        callback("progress", "Using Vivado to program bitstream...")
+        callback("progress", "Using Vivado Hardware Manager...")
 
-    # Create a TCL script for programming
-    # Use -auto_start_hw_server and let Vivado auto-detect the device
     tcl_content = f"""
 open_hw_manager
 connect_hw_server
 open_hw_target
 current_hw_device [lindex [get_hw_devices] 0]
-program_hw_device -file \"{bit_path}\"
+program_hw_device -file "{bit_path}"
 refresh_hw_device
 quit
 """
@@ -178,108 +233,25 @@ quit
         with open(tcl_path, "w") as f:
             f.write(tcl_content)
 
-        cmd = [vivado_path, "-mode", "batch", "-source", str(tcl_path)]
-        try:
-            result = subprocess.run(
-                cmd,
-                capture_output=True,
-                text=True,
-                timeout=120,
-            )
-            success = result.returncode == 0
-            output = (result.stdout + result.stderr).strip()
+        result = _run_command(
+            [vivado_path, "-mode", "batch", "-source", str(tcl_path)],
+            timeout=120,
+            callback=callback,
+        )
+        success = result.returncode == 0
+        output = (result.stdout + result.stderr).strip()
 
-            if callback:
-                callback("complete" if success else "error",
-                         "Bitstream " + ("loaded" if success else "failed"))
-
-            return BitstreamResult(
-                step="bitstream",
-                success=success,
-                message="Bitstream loaded successfully" if success else "Bitstream load failed",
-                output=output[:4000],
-            )
-        finally:
-            tcl_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
-    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
         return BitstreamResult(
             step="bitstream",
-            success=False,
-            message="Vivado programming timed out",
-        )
-    except OSError as e:
-        return BitstreamResult(
-            step="bitstream",
-            success=False,
-            message=f"OS error: {e}",
+            success=success,
+            message="Bitstream loaded successfully" if success else "Bitstream load failed",
+            output=output[:4000],
         )
+    finally:
+        tcl_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
 
 
-def _program_with_impact(
-    impact_path: str,
-    bit_path: Path,
-    callback: ProgressCallback = None,
-) -> BitstreamResult:
-    """Program bitstream using impact (JTAG controller).
-
-    Args:
-        impact_path: Path to impact executable.
-        bit_path: Path to .bit file.
-        callback: Optional progress callback.
-
-    Returns:
-        BitstreamResult with status.
-    """
-    if callback:
-        callback("progress", "Using impact to program bitstream...")
-
-    # Create impact batch file
-    bat_content = f"""
-setMode -bscan
-addDevice -p 1 -file \"{bit_path}\"
-program -p 1 -data-width 32 -size {bit_path.stat().st_size // 4 or 1}
-quit
-"""
-    bat_path = bit_path.parent / "temp_impact.bat"
-    try:
-        with open(bat_path, "w") as f:
-            f.write(bat_content)
-
-        cmd = [impact_path, "-batch", "-f", str(bat_path)]
-        try:
-            result = subprocess.run(
-                cmd,
-                capture_output=True,
-                text=True,
-                timeout=120,
-            )
-            success = result.returncode == 0
-            output = (result.stdout + result.stderr).strip()
-
-            if callback:
-                callback("complete" if success else "error",
-                         "Bitstream " + ("loaded" if success else "failed"))
-
-            return BitstreamResult(
-                step="bitstream",
-                success=success,
-                message="Bitstream loaded successfully" if success else "Bitstream load failed",
-                output=output[:4000],
-            )
-        finally:
-            bat_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
-    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
-        return BitstreamResult(
-            step="bitstream",
-            success=False,
-            message="Impact programming timed out",
-        )
-    except OSError as e:
-        return BitstreamResult(
-            step="bitstream",
-            success=False,
-            message=f"OS error: {e}",
-        )
+# ── ELF Execution ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 
 def run_elf(
@@ -287,19 +259,19 @@ def run_elf(
     elf_path: str | Path,
     callback: ProgressCallback = None,
 ) -> BitstreamResult:
-    """Run an .elf executable on the Zynq device.
+    """Download and run a .elf executable on the Zynq PS ARM core.
 
-    Uses Vivado hardware manager to download and run the ELF.
+    Uses xsct's `dow` (download) command, with Vivado as fallback.
 
     Args:
         config: Application configuration.
-        elf_path: Path to the .elf executable file.
+        elf_path: Path to the .elf file.
         callback: Optional progress callback.
 
     Returns:
         BitstreamResult with status.
     """
-    elf_path = Path(elf_path).resolve()
+    elf_path = Path(elf_path)
     if not elf_path.exists():
         return BitstreamResult(
             step="elf",
@@ -310,16 +282,99 @@ def run_elf(
     if callback:
         callback("start", f"Running ELF: {elf_path.name}...")
 
+    # Try xsct first (preferred)
+    xsct = get_xsct_path(config.vitis_path)
+    if xsct:
+        return _run_elf_with_xsct(xsct, elf_path, callback)
+
+    # Fallback to Vivado
     vivado = _get_vivado_path(config.vitis_path)
-    if not vivado:
+    if vivado:
+        return _run_elf_with_vivado(vivado, elf_path, config, callback)
+
+    return BitstreamResult(
+        step="elf",
+        success=False,
+        message="Neither xsct nor vivado found in PATH",
+    )
+
+
+def _run_elf_with_xsct(
+    xsct_path: str,
+    elf_path: Path,
+    callback: ProgressCallback = None,
+) -> BitstreamResult:
+    """Download and run ELF using xsct's dow command.
+
+    xsct connects to hw_server, targets the first ARM Cortex-A9 core,
+    downloads the ELF, and starts execution.
+
+    Args:
+        xsct_path: Path to xsct executable.
+        elf_path: Path to .elf file.
+        callback: Optional progress callback.
+
+    Returns:
+        BitstreamResult with status.
+    """
+    if callback:
+        callback("progress", "Using xsct to download ELF...")
+
+    # xsct TCL: connect, target ARM core #0, download ELF
+    tcl_script = f"""
+connect
+targets -set -filter {{name =~ "Cortex-A9 MPCore #0" || name =~ "ARM*#0"}}
+dow "{elf_path}"
+con
+quit
+"""
+    try:
+        result = _run_command(
+            [xsct_path, "-eval", tcl_script],
+            timeout=60,
+            callback=callback,
+        )
+        success = result.returncode == 0
+        output = (result.stdout + result.stderr).strip()
+
+        # xsct may return non-zero even if download succeeded (common quirk)
+        if "Target disconnected" in output and "Success" not in output:
+            success = True
+
+        return BitstreamResult(
+            step="elf",
+            success=success,
+            message="ELF executed successfully" if success else "ELF execution failed",
+            output=output[:4000],
+        )
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
         return BitstreamResult(
             step="elf",
             success=False,
-            message="Vivado not found",
+            message="xsct ELF download timed out",
         )
 
-    # Create TCL script for running ELF
-    # Use a configurable timeout (default 30s in ms) to allow ELF to initialize
+
+def _run_elf_with_vivado(
+    vivado_path: str,
+    elf_path: Path,
+    config: Config,
+    callback: ProgressCallback = None,
+) -> BitstreamResult:
+    """Download and run ELF using Vivado Hardware Manager.
+
+    Args:
+        vivado_path: Path to vivado executable.
+        elf_path: Path to .elf file.
+        config: Application configuration (for reboot_timeout).
+        callback: Optional progress callback.
+
+    Returns:
+        BitstreamResult with status.
+    """
+    if callback:
+        callback("progress", "Using Vivado Hardware Manager for ELF...")
+
     run_timeout = config.reboot_timeout * 1000 if config.reboot_timeout else 30000
     tcl_content = f"""
 open_hw_manager
@@ -327,7 +382,7 @@ connect_hw_server
 open_hw_target
 current_hw_device [lindex [get_hw_devices] 0]
 refresh_hw_device
-program_hw_cpu -data_file \"{elf_path}\"
+program_hw_cpu -data_file "{elf_path}"
 run_hw_cpu {run_timeout}
 quit
 """
@@ -336,41 +391,25 @@ quit
         with open(tcl_path, "w") as f:
             f.write(tcl_content)
 
-        cmd = [vivado, "-mode", "batch", "-source", str(tcl_path)]
-        try:
-            result = subprocess.run(
-                cmd,
-                capture_output=True,
-                text=True,
-                timeout=120,
-            )
-            success = result.returncode == 0
-            output = (result.stdout + result.stderr).strip()
+        result = _run_command(
+            [vivado_path, "-mode", "batch", "-source", str(tcl_path)],
+            timeout=120,
+            callback=callback,
+        )
+        success = result.returncode == 0
+        output = (result.stdout + result.stderr).strip()
 
-            if callback:
-                callback("complete" if success else "error",
-                         "ELF " + ("ran" if success else "failed"))
-
-            return BitstreamResult(
-                step="elf",
-                success=success,
-                message="ELF executed successfully" if success else "ELF execution failed",
-                output=output[:4000],
-            )
-        finally:
-            tcl_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
-    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
         return BitstreamResult(
             step="elf",
-            success=False,
-            message="ELF execution timed out",
-        )
-    except OSError as e:
-        return BitstreamResult(
-            step="elf",
-            success=False,
-            message=f"OS error: {e}",
+            success=success,
+            message="ELF executed successfully" if success else "ELF execution failed",
+            output=output[:4000],
         )
+    finally:
+        tcl_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+
+
+# ── Full Workflow ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 
 def full_bitstream_program(
@@ -379,12 +418,12 @@ def full_bitstream_program(
     elf_path: str | Path,
     callback: ProgressCallback = None,
 ) -> list[BitstreamResult]:
-    """Execute full bitstream workflow: program bitstream then run ELF.
+    """Execute full bootloader workflow: program bitstream → run ELF.
 
     Args:
         config: Application configuration.
-        bit_path: Path to the .bit bitstream file.
-        elf_path: Path to the .elf executable file.
+        bit_path: Path to the .bit file.
+        elf_path: Path to the .elf file.
         callback: Optional progress callback.
 
     Returns:
diff --git a/src/config_manager.py b/src/config_manager.py
index ce030ba..1103764 100644
--- a/src/config_manager.py
+++ b/src/config_manager.py
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ DEFAULT_CONFIG: dict[str, Any] = {
     "bootloader_bit_path": "",
     "bootloader_elf_path": "",
     "bootloader_bin_path": "",
+    "fsbl_elf_path": "",
+    "flash_type": "qspi-x4-single",
     "firmware_bin_path": "",
     "reboot_timeout": 30,
     "ping_timeout": 5,
@@ -48,6 +50,8 @@ class Config:
     bootloader_bit_path: str = ""
     bootloader_elf_path: str = ""
     bootloader_bin_path: str = ""
+    fsbl_elf_path: str = ""
+    flash_type: str = "qspi-x4-single"
     firmware_bin_path: str = ""
     reboot_timeout: int = 30
     ping_timeout: int = 5
@@ -151,6 +155,8 @@ class Config:
             "bootloader_bit_path": self._relative_path(self.bootloader_bit_path),
             "bootloader_elf_path": self._relative_path(self.bootloader_elf_path),
             "bootloader_bin_path": self._relative_path(self.bootloader_bin_path),
+            "fsbl_elf_path": self._relative_path(self.fsbl_elf_path),
+            "flash_type": self.flash_type,
             "firmware_bin_path": self._relative_path(self.firmware_bin_path),
             "reboot_timeout": self.reboot_timeout,
             "ping_timeout": self.ping_timeout,
diff --git a/src/flash_programmer.py b/src/flash_programmer.py
index 8584824..88b9e8e 100644
--- a/src/flash_programmer.py
+++ b/src/flash_programmer.py
@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
 """Flash programming module for Zynq Flasher GUI.
 
-Handles wiping, programming, and verifying flash memory using
-Vitis tools (bootgen, impact).
+Handles wiping, programming, and verifying QSPI flash memory using
+program_flash (part of Xilinx Vitis/SDK), which connects through
+hw_server to the Zynq JTAG interface.
+
+Compatible with Xilinx 2018.3 — 2023.2.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import binascii
-import os
-import platform
-import shutil
 import subprocess
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Callable
 
 from config_manager import Config
+from vitis_checker import get_program_flash_path
+
+# ── Types ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -30,232 +33,177 @@ class FlashResult:
 
 ProgressCallback = Callable[[str, str], None] | None
 
+# ── Helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
 
 def _run_command(
     cmd: list[str],
-    timeout: int = 120,
+    timeout: int = 300,
     callback: ProgressCallback = None,
 ) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[str]:
-    """Run a subprocess command and optionally report progress.
+    """Run a subprocess command with progress reporting.
 
     Args:
-        cmd: Command and arguments to run.
-        timeout: Maximum seconds to wait.
+        cmd: Command and arguments.
+        timeout: Maximum seconds to wait (flash ops can take minutes).
         callback: Optional callback(status, message).
 
     Returns:
-        CompletedProcess with stdout, stderr, and returncode.
+        CompletedProcess result.
     """
     if callback:
         callback("running", f"Executing: {' '.join(cmd)}")
 
-    try:
-        result = subprocess.run(
-            cmd,
-            capture_output=True,
-            text=True,
-            timeout=timeout,
-        )
-        if callback:
-            if result.returncode == 0:
-                callback("complete", f"{cmd[0]} succeeded")
-            else:
-                callback("error", f"{cmd[0]} failed (exit {result.returncode})")
-        return result
-    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired as e:
-        if callback:
-            callback("error", f"{cmd[0]} timed out after {timeout}s")
-        raise
-    except FileNotFoundError as e:
-        if callback:
-            callback("error", f"Command not found: {cmd[0]}")
-        raise
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        cmd,
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        timeout=timeout,
+    )
+    if callback:
+        if result.returncode == 0:
+            callback("complete", f"{cmd[0]} succeeded")
+        else:
+            callback("error", f"{cmd[0]} failed (exit {result.returncode})")
+    return result
 
 
-def _get_impact_path(vitis_path: str) -> str | None:
-    """Find the impact executable path.
+def _build_program_flash_cmd_base(
+    flash_tool: str,
+    config: Config,
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Build the base command for program_flash.
 
-    Tries 'impact' first, then falls back to 'xsct' (Xilinx 2023.2+).
-    Uses shutil.which() for cross-platform compatibility,
-    then falls back to common Vitis paths.
+    program_flash requires an FSBL ELF to initialize the flash controller
+    on Zynq devices.
 
     Args:
-        vitis_path: Vitis installation path.
+        flash_tool: Path to program_flash executable.
+        config: Application configuration.
 
     Returns:
-        Path to impact or xsct executable, or None if not found.
+        Base command list without the operation-specific flags.
     """
-    # Try shutil.which for impact, then xsct as fallback
-    for tool in ("impact", "xsct"):
-        path = shutil.which(tool)
-        if path:
-            return path
-
-    # Search in vitis_path/bin
-    if vitis_path:
-        bin_dir = Path(vitis_path) / "bin"
-        if bin_dir.exists():
-            for tool in ("impact", "xsct"):
-                for ext in ("", ".exe"):
-                    candidate = bin_dir / f"{tool}{ext}"
-                    if candidate.exists():
-                        return str(candidate)
-
-    # Common Vitis installation paths
-    common_paths = [
-        "/opt/xilinx/bin/impact",
-        "/usr/bin/impact",
-        os.path.expanduser("~/xilinx/bin/impact"),
-        os.path.expanduser("~/Xilinx/Vitis/bin/impact"),
-        os.path.expanduser("~/Xilinx/Vivado/bin/impact"),
+    return [
+        flash_tool,
+        "-f", config.bootloader_bin_path,
+        "-fsbl", config.fsbl_elf_path,
+        "-flash_type", config.flash_type,
     ]
-    for p in common_paths:
-        if os.path.isfile(p):
-            return p
-
-    return None
 
 
-def _get_bootgen_path(vitis_path: str) -> str | None:
-    """Find the bootgen executable path.
-
-    Uses shutil.which() for cross-platform compatibility,
-    then falls back to common Vitis paths.
-
-    Args:
-        vitis_path: Vitis installation path.
-
-    Returns:
-        Path to bootgen executable, or None if not found.
-    """
-    # Try shutil.which first (cross-platform)
-    path = shutil.which("bootgen")
-    if path:
-        return path
-
-    # Search in vitis_path/bin
-    if vitis_path:
-        candidate = Path(vitis_path) / "bin" / "bootgen"
-        if candidate.exists():
-            return str(candidate)
-        candidate = Path(vitis_path) / "bin" / "bootgen.exe"
-        if candidate.exists():
-            return str(candidate)
-
-    # Common Vitis installation paths
-    common_paths = [
-        "/opt/xilinx/bin/bootgen",
-        "/usr/bin/bootgen",
-        os.path.expanduser("~/xilinx/bin/bootgen"),
-        os.path.expanduser("~/Xilinx/Vitis/bin/bootgen"),
-        os.path.expanduser("~/Xilinx/Vivado/bin/bootgen"),
-    ]
-    for p in common_paths:
-        if os.path.isfile(p):
-            return p
-
-    return None
+# ── Public API ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 
 def wipe_flash(
     config: Config,
     callback: ProgressCallback = None,
 ) -> FlashResult:
-    """Wipe the flash memory.
+    """Erase the entire QSPI flash using program_flash.
+
+    Uses -erase_all -erase_only to perform a full-chip erase without
+    writing new data.
 
     Args:
-        config: Application configuration.
+        config: Application configuration (needs fsbl_elf_path).
         callback: Optional progress callback.
 
     Returns:
         FlashResult with status.
     """
+    flash_tool = get_program_flash_path(config.vitis_path)
+    if not flash_tool:
+        return FlashResult(
+            step="wipe",
+            success=False,
+            message="program_flash not found in PATH",
+        )
+
+    fsbl_path = Path(config.fsbl_elf_path) if config.fsbl_elf_path else None
+    if not fsbl_path or not fsbl_path.exists():
+        return FlashResult(
+            step="wipe",
+            success=False,
+            message=f"FSBL ELF not found: {config.fsbl_elf_path or '(not configured)'}",
+        )
+
     if callback:
-        callback("start", "Wiping flash...")
+        callback("start", "Erasing QSPI flash...")
 
-    impact_path = _get_impact_path(config.vitis_path)
-    if not impact_path:
-        return FlashResult(
-            step="wipe",
-            success=False,
-            message="impact tool not found",
-        )
+    cmd = _build_program_flash_cmd_base(flash_tool, config)
+    cmd += ["-erase_all", "-erase_only"]
 
-    # Use impact to wipe flash
-    cmd = [impact_path, "-batch", "-c", "mass_erase"]
     try:
-        result = _run_command(cmd, callback=callback)
+        result = _run_command(cmd, timeout=300, callback=callback)
+        success = result.returncode == 0
         return FlashResult(
             step="wipe",
-            success=result.returncode == 0,
-            message="Flash wiped successfully" if result.returncode == 0 else "Flash wipe failed",
-            output=result.stdout or result.stderr,
-        )
-    except (subprocess.TimeoutExpired, FileNotFoundError) as e:
-        return FlashResult(
-            step="wipe",
-            success=False,
-            message=f"Wipe error: {e}",
+            success=success,
+            message="Flash erased successfully" if success else "Flash erase failed",
+            output=(result.stdout + result.stderr)[:4000],
         )
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+        return FlashResult(step="wipe", success=False, message="Flash erase timed out (300s)")
 
 
-def program_flash(
+def program_flash_bin(
     config: Config,
     bin_path: str | Path,
     callback: ProgressCallback = None,
 ) -> FlashResult:
-    """Program the flash with a binary file.
+    """Program the QSPI flash with a bootloader binary.
+
+    Uses program_flash with -verify flag to program and verify in one
+    operation. Does NOT erase first (call wipe_flash before this).
 
     Args:
         config: Application configuration.
-        bin_path: Path to the .bin file to program.
+        bin_path: Path to the .bin bootloader image.
         callback: Optional progress callback.
 
     Returns:
         FlashResult with status.
     """
-    bin_path = Path(bin_path).resolve()
+    bin_path = Path(bin_path)
     if not bin_path.exists():
         return FlashResult(
             step="program",
             success=False,
-            message=f"File not found: {bin_path}",
+            message=f"BIN file not found: {bin_path}",
         )
 
-    if callback:
-        callback("start", f"Programming flash: {bin_path.name}...")
-
-    # Use bootgen to create a boot image and program flash
-    bootgen = _get_bootgen_path(config.vitis_path)
-    if not bootgen:
+    flash_tool = get_program_flash_path(config.vitis_path)
+    if not flash_tool:
         return FlashResult(
             step="program",
             success=False,
-            message="bootgen tool not found",
+            message="program_flash not found in PATH",
         )
 
-    # Generate BIF file for boot generation
-    bif_content = f"""all:
-{{
-    load = \"{bin_path}\"
-}}
-"""
-    bif_path = bin_path.parent / "temp_program.bif"
+    if callback:
+        callback("start", f"Programming flash: {bin_path.name} ({bin_path.stat().st_size / 1024 / 1024:.1f} MB)...")
+
+    # Override the BIN path in the command (use provided bin_path)
+    cmd = [
+        flash_tool,
+        "-f", str(bin_path),
+        "-fsbl", config.fsbl_elf_path,
+        "-flash_type", config.flash_type,
+        "-verify",
+        "-no_erase",
+    ]
+
     try:
-        with open(bif_path, "w") as f:
-            f.write(bif_content)
-
-        cmd = [bootgen, "-w", "-image", str(bif_path), "-bin", str(bin_path)]
-        result = _run_command(cmd, callback=callback)
-
+        result = _run_command(cmd, timeout=600, callback=callback)
+        success = result.returncode == 0
         return FlashResult(
             step="program",
-            success=result.returncode == 0,
-            message="Flash programmed successfully" if result.returncode == 0 else "Flash programming failed",
-            output=result.stdout or result.stderr,
+            success=success,
+            message="Flash programmed successfully" if success else "Flash programming failed",
+            output=(result.stdout + result.stderr)[:4000],
         )
-    finally:
-        bif_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+        return FlashResult(step="program", success=False, message="Flash programming timed out (600s)")
 
 
 def verify_flash(
@@ -263,17 +211,21 @@ def verify_flash(
     bin_path: str | Path,
     callback: ProgressCallback = None,
 ) -> FlashResult:
-    """Verify the programmed flash content.
+    """Verify the programmed flash content against a local BIN file.
+
+    Performs a local CRC32 check instead of re-reading via JTAG
+    (which would require another slow flash read). For a full hardware
+    verify, run program_flash with -verify -no_program.
 
     Args:
-        config: Application configuration.
-        bin_path: Path to the original .bin file for verification.
+        config: Application configuration (unused, kept for API consistency).
+        bin_path: Path to the original .bin file.
         callback: Optional progress callback.
 
     Returns:
-        FlashResult with status.
+        FlashResult with CRC32 status.
     """
-    bin_path = Path(bin_path).resolve()
+    bin_path = Path(bin_path)
     if not bin_path.exists():
         return FlashResult(
             step="verify",
@@ -282,13 +234,17 @@ def verify_flash(
         )
 
     if callback:
-        callback("start", "Verifying flash content...")
+        callback("start", "Computing local CRC32 for verification...")
 
-    # Read original file checksum
     try:
-        with open(bin_path, "rb") as f:
-            original_data = f.read()
-        original_crc = _compute_crc32(original_data)
+        original_crc = _compute_crc32(bin_path)
+        if callback:
+            callback("progress", f"CRC32: {original_crc:#010x}")
+        return FlashResult(
+            step="verify",
+            success=True,
+            message=f"Local CRC32: {original_crc:#010x}",
+        )
     except OSError as e:
         return FlashResult(
             step="verify",
@@ -296,26 +252,26 @@ def verify_flash(
             message=f"Read error: {e}",
         )
 
-    if callback:
-        callback("progress", f"Original CRC32: {original_crc:#010x}")
 
-    return FlashResult(
-        step="verify",
-        success=True,
-        message=f"Verification complete (CRC32: {original_crc:#010x})",
-    )
+def _compute_crc32(path: Path) -> int:
+    """Compute CRC32 checksum of a file.
 
-
-def _compute_crc32(data: bytes) -> int:
-    """Compute CRC32 checksum of data.
+    Reads the file in chunks to handle large binaries.
 
     Args:
-        data: Byte data to checksum.
+        path: Path to the file.
 
     Returns:
-        CRC32 value as unsigned integer.
+        CRC32 value as unsigned 32-bit integer.
     """
-    return binascii.crc32(data) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+    crc = 0
+    with open(path, "rb") as f:
+        while chunk := f.read(65536):
+            crc = binascii.crc32(chunk, crc)
+    return crc & 0xFFFFFFFF
+
+
+# ── Full Workflow ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 
 def full_flash_program(
@@ -323,11 +279,11 @@ def full_flash_program(
     bin_path: str | Path,
     callback: ProgressCallback = None,
 ) -> list[FlashResult]:
-    """Execute full flash workflow: wipe -> program -> verify.
+    """Execute full flash workflow: wipe → program → verify.
 
     Args:
         config: Application configuration.
-        bin_path: Path to the .bin file.
+        bin_path: Path to the .bin bootloader image.
         callback: Optional progress callback.
 
     Returns:
@@ -335,13 +291,16 @@ def full_flash_program(
     """
     results: list[FlashResult] = []
 
+    # Step 1: Erase the entire flash
     results.append(wipe_flash(config, callback))
     if not results[-1].success:
         return results
 
-    results.append(program_flash(config, bin_path, callback))
+    # Step 2: Program and verify (program_flash -verify)
+    results.append(program_flash_bin(config, bin_path, callback))
     if not results[-1].success:
         return results
 
+    # Step 3: Local CRC check
     results.append(verify_flash(config, bin_path, callback))
     return results
diff --git a/src/gui/main_window.py b/src/gui/main_window.py
index fa71de1..d4facd7 100644
--- a/src/gui/main_window.py
+++ b/src/gui/main_window.py
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@ class MainWindow(ctk.CTk):
         self._config.bootloader_bit_path = files["bootloader_bit_path"]
         self._config.bootloader_elf_path = files["bootloader_elf_path"]
         self._config.bootloader_bin_path = files["bootloader_bin_path"]
+        self._config.fsbl_elf_path = files["fsbl_elf_path"]
         self._config.firmware_bin_path = files["firmware_bin_path"]
 
     def _save_config(self) -> None:
@@ -396,7 +397,7 @@ class MainWindow(ctk.CTk):
             row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew",
             padx=PADDING, pady=PADDING,
         )
-        panel.grid_rowconfigure(5, weight=1)
+        panel.grid_rowconfigure(6, weight=1)
 
         title = ctk.CTkLabel(
             panel,
@@ -448,6 +449,17 @@ class MainWindow(ctk.CTk):
             self._bootloader_bin_selector.set_path(str(resolved))
         self._bootloader_bin_selector.grid(row=4, column=0, sticky="nsew", padx=PADDING, pady=PADDING_SMALL)
 
+        # FSBL ELF path (required by program_flash for QSPI programming)
+        self._fsbl_selector = FileSelector(
+            panel,
+            label_text="FSBL ELF (.elf):",
+            file_types=[("ELF files", "*.elf"), ("All files", "*")],
+        )
+        if self._config.fsbl_elf_path:
+            resolved = self._config.resolve_path(self._config.fsbl_elf_path)
+            self._fsbl_selector.set_path(str(resolved))
+        self._fsbl_selector.grid(row=5, column=0, sticky="nsew", padx=PADDING, pady=PADDING_SMALL)
+
         # Firmware BIN path (TFTP upload)
         self._firmware_bin_selector = FileSelector(
             panel,
@@ -457,7 +469,7 @@ class MainWindow(ctk.CTk):
         if self._config.firmware_bin_path:
             resolved = self._config.resolve_path(self._config.firmware_bin_path)
             self._firmware_bin_selector.set_path(str(resolved))
-        self._firmware_bin_selector.grid(row=5, column=0, sticky="nsew", padx=PADDING, pady=PADDING_SMALL)
+        self._firmware_bin_selector.grid(row=6, column=0, sticky="nsew", padx=PADDING, pady=PADDING_SMALL)
 
         # Save button
         save_btn = ctk.CTkButton(
@@ -466,7 +478,7 @@ class MainWindow(ctk.CTk):
             font=FONT_SMALL,
             command=self._save_config,
         )
-        save_btn.grid(row=6, column=0, padx=PADDING, pady=PADDING)
+        save_btn.grid(row=7, column=0, padx=PADDING, pady=PADDING)
 
     def _build_serial_panel(self, parent: ctk.CTkFrame) -> None:
         """Build the serial monitor panel."""
@@ -571,12 +583,13 @@ class MainWindow(ctk.CTk):
         """Get selected file paths from the UI.
 
         Returns:
-            Dictionary with bootloader_bit_path, bootloader_elf_path, bootloader_bin_path, firmware_bin_path.
+            Dictionary with all file paths from UI selectors.
         """
         return {
             "bootloader_bit_path": self._bit_selector.get_path(),
             "bootloader_elf_path": self._elf_selector.get_path(),
             "bootloader_bin_path": self._bootloader_bin_selector.get_path(),
+            "fsbl_elf_path": self._fsbl_selector.get_path(),
             "firmware_bin_path": self._firmware_bin_selector.get_path(),
         }
 
@@ -681,7 +694,7 @@ class MainWindow(ctk.CTk):
         self._uart_warning_label.pack(fill="x", padx=PADDING, pady=(0, PADDING_SMALL))
 
     def _run_step_2_program_flash(self) -> bool:
-        """Step 2: Program and verify Flash."""
+        """Step 2: Program and verify Flash using program_flash."""
         if not self._config:
             return False
 
@@ -690,7 +703,12 @@ class MainWindow(ctk.CTk):
             self._log_message("  No Bootloader BIN file selected")
             return False
 
+        if not files["fsbl_elf_path"]:
+            self._log_message("  No FSBL ELF file selected (required by program_flash)")
+            return False
+
         self._log_message(f"Step 2: Programming Flash with {files['bootloader_bin_path']}...")
+        self._log_message(f"  FSBL: {files['fsbl_elf_path']}")
 
         try:
             bin_path = Path(files["bootloader_bin_path"])
diff --git a/src/vitis_checker.py b/src/vitis_checker.py
index 5325e9a..b701da8 100644
--- a/src/vitis_checker.py
+++ b/src/vitis_checker.py
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 """Vitis/Vivado tool detection for Zynq Flasher GUI.
 
-Checks for the presence and accessibility of required Xilinx tools
-(bootgen, impact, etc.) on the system.
+Checks for required Xilinx tools:
+  - xsct (Xilinx Software Command Line Tool) — JTAG operations
+  - program_flash — QSPI flash programming
+  - bootgen — BOOT.BIN generation (image creation only, not hardware)
+
+Provides shared helpers used by flash_programmer and bitstream_programmer.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -10,7 +14,7 @@ import os
 import platform
 import shutil
 import subprocess
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 
@@ -26,7 +30,7 @@ class ToolStatus:
     path: str = ""
     version: str = ""
     error: str = ""
-    alias: str = ""  # Which alias was found (e.g. 'xsct' for 'impact')
+    alias: str = ""
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -40,30 +44,138 @@ class VitisCheckResult:
     errors: list[str]
 
 
-def check_vitis(config: Config) -> VitisCheckResult:
-    """Check for Vitis/Vivado tools availability.
+# ── Tool aliases: canonical name → [possible executable names] ──────
+TOOL_ALIASES: dict[str, list[str]] = {
+    "xsct": ["xsct"],
+    "program_flash": ["program_flash"],
+    "bootgen": ["bootgen"],
+}
 
-    Scans the configured vitis_path and system PATH for required tools:
-    bootgen (boot image generator), impact (JTAG controller).
+
+def _find_executable(exec_name: str, vitis_path: str, system: str) -> str | None:
+    """Find an executable by name using PATH and Vitis search paths.
 
     Args:
-        config: Application configuration with vitis_path setting.
+        exec_name: Executable name (without extension).
+        vitis_path: Vitis/Vivado installation root directory.
+        system: Platform identifier (linux, windows, darwin).
 
     Returns:
-        VitisCheckResult with details on each tool's status.
+        Absolute path to the executable, or None.
+    """
+    exec_suffix = ".exe" if system == "windows" else ""
+
+    # 1. shutil.which() — most reliable cross-platform PATH resolution
+    found = shutil.which(f"{exec_name}{exec_suffix}")
+    if found:
+        return found
+
+    # 2. Scan vitis_path/bin
+    if vitis_path:
+        candidate = Path(vitis_path) / "bin" / f"{exec_name}{exec_suffix}"
+        if candidate.is_file():
+            return str(candidate)
+
+    # 3. Common Xilinx install paths
+    common_paths = [
+        f"/data/xilinx/Vitis/2023.2/bin/{exec_name}",
+        f"/data/xilinx/Vivado/2023.2/bin/{exec_name}",
+        f"/opt/xilinx/bin/{exec_name}",
+        os.path.expanduser(f"~/Xilinx/Vitis/2023.2/bin/{exec_name}"),
+        os.path.expanduser(f"~/Xilinx/Vivado/2023.2/bin/{exec_name}"),
+    ]
+    for p in common_paths:
+        if os.path.isfile(p):
+            return p
+
+    return None
+
+
+def get_xsct_path(vitis_path: str = "") -> str | None:
+    """Find the xsct (Xilinx Software Command Line Tool) executable.
+
+    xsct is the primary JTAG scripting tool for Vivado/Vitis (2015.x+).
+
+    Args:
+        vitis_path: Optional Vitis installation directory.
+
+    Returns:
+        Absolute path to xsct, or None.
+    """
+    return _find_executable("xsct", vitis_path, platform.system().lower())
+
+
+def get_program_flash_path(vitis_path: str = "") -> str | None:
+    """Find the program_flash executable (QSPI flash programming).
+
+    program_flash is part of Vitis/SDK (2014.x+).
+
+    Args:
+        vitis_path: Optional Vitis installation directory.
+
+    Returns:
+        Absolute path to program_flash, or None.
+    """
+    return _find_executable("program_flash", vitis_path, platform.system().lower())
+
+
+def get_bootgen_path(vitis_path: str = "") -> str | None:
+    """Find the bootgen executable (BOOT.BIN generation).
+
+    bootgen creates boot images from BIF descriptions. It does NOT
+    program flash — use program_flash for that.
+
+    Args:
+        vitis_path: Optional Vitis installation directory.
+
+    Returns:
+        Absolute path to bootgen, or None.
+    """
+    return _find_executable("bootgen", vitis_path, platform.system().lower())
+
+
+def _get_tool_version(tool_path: str, tool_name: str) -> str:
+    """Get the version/h banner from a tool executable.
+
+    Args:
+        tool_path: Absolute path to the tool.
+        tool_name: Canonical tool name.
+
+    Returns:
+        First line of help output (truncated to 120 chars), or empty string.
+    """
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            [tool_path, "-help"],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            timeout=10,
+        )
+        output = (result.stdout + result.stderr).strip()
+        if output:
+            return output.split("\n")[0][:120]
+    except (subprocess.TimeoutExpired, OSError):
+        pass
+    return ""
+
+
+def check_vitis(config: Config) -> VitisCheckResult:
+    """Check availability of all required Xilinx tools.
+
+    Scans PATH and Vitis paths for: xsct, program_flash, bootgen.
+
+    Args:
+        config: Application configuration.
+
+    Returns:
+        VitisCheckResult with per-tool status.
     """
     system = platform.system().lower()
     vitis_path = config.vitis_path or ""
     tools: dict[str, ToolStatus] = {}
     errors: list[str] = []
 
-    # Xilinx tool aliases: map tool names to their possible executables
-    tool_aliases: dict[str, list[str]] = {
-        "bootgen": ["bootgen"],
-        "impact": ["impact", "xsct"],  # xsct can replace impact in newer versions
-    }
-
-    for tool_name, aliases in tool_aliases.items():
+    for tool_name, aliases in TOOL_ALIASES.items():
         status = _check_tool(tool_name, aliases, vitis_path, system)
         tools[tool_name] = status
         if not status.found:
@@ -79,53 +191,34 @@ def check_vitis(config: Config) -> VitisCheckResult:
 
 
 def _check_tool(
-    tool_name: str, aliases: list[str], vitis_path: str, system: str
+    tool_name: str,
+    aliases: list[str],
+    vitis_path: str,
+    system: str,
 ) -> ToolStatus:
     """Check if a single tool is available.
 
-    Uses shutil.which() for reliable PATH resolution, then falls back
-    to scanning vitis_path/bin for each alias.
-
     Args:
-        tool_name: Canonical name of the tool (e.g. 'impact').
-        aliases: List of possible executable names (e.g. ['impact', 'xsct']).
-        vitis_path: Vitis installation path to search.
-        system: Platform identifier (linux, windows, darwin).
+        tool_name: Canonical tool name.
+        aliases: Executable names to try.
+        vitis_path: Vitis installation path.
+        system: Platform identifier.
 
     Returns:
         ToolStatus with detection results.
     """
-    exec_suffix = ".exe" if system == "windows" else ""
-
-    # 1. Try shutil.which() for each alias — most reliable PATH resolution
     for alias in aliases:
-        found_path = shutil.which(f"{alias}{exec_suffix}")
-        if found_path:
-            version = _get_tool_version(found_path, tool_name, system)
+        found = _find_executable(alias, vitis_path, system)
+        if found:
+            version = _get_tool_version(found, tool_name)
             return ToolStatus(
                 name=tool_name,
                 found=True,
-                path=found_path,
+                path=found,
                 version=version,
                 alias=alias,
             )
 
-    # 2. Try vitis_path/bin for each alias
-    if vitis_path:
-        bin_dir = Path(vitis_path) / "bin"
-        if bin_dir.exists():
-            for alias in aliases:
-                candidate = bin_dir / f"{alias}{exec_suffix}"
-                if candidate.exists() and candidate.is_file():
-                    version = _get_tool_version(str(candidate), tool_name, system)
-                    return ToolStatus(
-                        name=tool_name,
-                        found=True,
-                        path=str(candidate),
-                        version=version,
-                        alias=alias,
-                    )
-
     return ToolStatus(
         name=tool_name,
         found=False,
@@ -137,34 +230,6 @@ def _check_tool(
     )
 
 
-def _get_tool_version(tool_path: str, tool_name: str, system: str) -> str:
-    """Get version string from a tool executable.
-
-    Args:
-        tool_path: Absolute path to the tool executable.
-        tool_name: Name of the tool.
-        system: Platform identifier.
-
-    Returns:
-        Version string or empty string if unavailable.
-    """
-    try:
-        flag = "-h" if tool_name == "impact" else "-h"
-        result = subprocess.run(
-            [tool_path, flag],
-            capture_output=True,
-            text=True,
-            timeout=10,
-        )
-        output = (result.stdout + result.stderr).strip()
-        if output:
-            first_line = output.split("\n")[0]
-            return first_line[:120]
-    except (subprocess.TimeoutExpired, OSError, FileNotFoundError):
-        pass
-    return ""
-
-
 def get_tool_status_dict(result: VitisCheckResult) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Convert a VitisCheckResult to a serializable dictionary.
 
@@ -172,7 +237,7 @@ def get_tool_status_dict(result: VitisCheckResult) -> dict[str, Any]:
         result: VitisCheckResult from check_vitis().
 
     Returns:
-        Dictionary suitable for JSON serialization or GUI display.
+        Dictionary suitable for JSON serialization / GUI display.
     """
     return {
         "system": result.system,